New SNAP work requirements are being rolled out across multiple states in 2025 and 2026, following federal policy changes that expanded the age range and reduced the number of geographic waivers available to states. If you currently receive Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits — or are thinking about applying — understanding how your state is responding to these changes may help you protect your household's food assistance.
What Changed at the Federal Level
The SNAP program has long included work-related rules for a specific group called Able-Bodied Adults Without Dependents, or ABAWDs. Historically, ABAWDs between ages 18–49 who did not meet work requirements could only receive SNAP for three months out of every 36-month period unless they lived in an area with a federal waiver.
Recent federal legislation extended the ABAWD age ceiling from 49 to 54, meaning adults up to age 54 without dependents may now be subject to the three-month time limit if they are not meeting work participation rules. States that previously relied on broad geographic waivers — which allowed them to exempt entire counties or regions with high unemployment — now have fewer waiver options available.
The National Conference of State Legislatures has been tracking how individual states are adapting their SNAP policies in response, and the picture varies considerably depending on where you live.
Who Is Affected by SNAP Work Requirements
The ABAWD Definition
You may be classified as an ABAWD — and therefore subject to these rules — if you are:
- Between the ages of 18 and 54 (under current federal rules)
- Not pregnant
- Not living with a dependent child under age 18 in your household
- Determined by your state agency to be physically able to work
If you fall into this category, you are generally required to work, participate in a qualifying job training program, or perform community service for at least 80 hours per month to maintain SNAP eligibility beyond the three-month limit.
Who Is Typically Exempt
Many people who might appear to fit the ABAWD definition are actually exempt. Common exemptions include:
- Adults who are medically certified as unable to work due to a physical or mental health condition
- People already participating in a SNAP Employment and Training (E&T) program
- Those receiving unemployment compensation
- Individuals in drug or alcohol treatment programs
- Certain veterans and people experiencing homelessness, depending on state rules
Exemption rules are set at the state level, so what qualifies in one state may not qualify in another. Always verify with your local SNAP office.
How States Are Responding: A Mixed Picture
States have significant flexibility in how they implement SNAP work requirements, and responses in 2025–2026 have ranged widely.
Some states are tightening enforcement. A number of states that previously had broad ABAWD waivers are now applying the time limit more strictly, particularly in counties that no longer qualify for unemployment-based waivers. If you live in one of these areas and are between 18–54 without dependents, you may receive a notice about new documentation requirements at your next recertification.
Other states are expanding workforce connections. Several states are responding by expanding their SNAP Employment and Training (E&T) programs — which, if you participate, can satisfy the work requirement and keep your benefits active. These programs may offer job search assistance, vocational training, GED preparation, or subsidized work placements at no cost to participants.
A smaller number of states are pursuing partial waivers for specific counties or populations where unemployment remains elevated, which may protect some recipients from the time limit even under the new federal rules.
The bottom line: your risk of being affected depends heavily on your state, your county, your age, your household composition, and whether your state has expanded its E&T program capacity.
What You Should Do Before Your Next Recertification
If you currently receive SNAP and are between ages 18–54 without a dependent child in your household, these steps may help you understand and protect your benefits:
Step 1: Find Out Your Recertification Date Log into your state's SNAP portal or call your local SNAP office to confirm when your current certification period ends. Changes to your eligibility status are most likely to be applied at recertification.
Step 2: Ask Whether You Are Classified as an ABAWD Your caseworker can tell you whether your case is flagged under ABAWD rules. If you believe you qualify for an exemption — due to a health condition, caregiving situation, or program participation — ask how to document it.
Step 3: Gather Documentation Depending on your situation, you may need: - Proof of employment (pay stubs, employer letter) - Documentation of job training or E&T program enrollment - Medical documentation if you are claiming a disability or health exemption - Proof of dependent care responsibilities, if applicable
Step 4: Ask About SNAP E&T Programs in Your State If you are not currently working, enrolling in a SNAP Employment and Training program may satisfy the work requirement and keep your benefits active. Ask your SNAP office what programs are available in your area — participation is often free and may include transportation or childcare support.
Step 5: Request a Fair Hearing If You Disagree With a Decision If your benefits are reduced or terminated and you believe the decision is incorrect, you have the right to request a fair hearing. Ask your SNAP office for the process, and request it promptly — deadlines are typically 90 days from the notice date, but acting sooner is better.
Income Eligibility Is Separate From Work Requirements
Work requirements are distinct from income eligibility. Even if you meet the work requirement, your household must still fall within SNAP income limits — generally at or below 130% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) for gross income, with a net income limit of 100% FPL for most households. Benefit amounts vary by household size and income.
If you have not applied for SNAP before and are wondering whether your income may make you eligible, a benefits screener tool at Benefits.gov can help you learn about programs that may be available to your household.
A Note on Applying for the First Time
If you are not currently receiving SNAP and are considering applying, work requirements do not prevent you from applying — they affect how long you can receive benefits if you are an ABAWD who is not meeting the participation standard. You can still submit an application, and your state agency will determine your eligibility and any applicable requirements.
Most states allow you to apply online, by mail, or in person. Processing typically takes up to 30 days, though expedited processing (within 7 days) may be available if your household has very low income and resources.
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Program eligibility and availability vary by state. Not affiliated with any government agency.
Last reviewed: April 2026