Understanding FoodShare and SNAP Work Requirements

For millions of Americans relying on food assistance programs, understanding work requirements is a critical part of maintaining eligibility. In Wisconsin, the program is known as FoodShare — the state's version of the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The Wisconsin Department of Health Services has outlined specific work-related obligations that certain FoodShare participants must meet in order to continue receiving benefits.

At the federal level, SNAP work requirements fall into two main categories: general work requirements that apply to most non-exempt adults, and stricter time-limited rules that apply to Able-Bodied Adults Without Dependents (ABAWDs). Individuals who fall into the ABAWD category may be eligible to receive benefits for only a limited period — typically three months within a 36-month window — unless they meet specific work activity thresholds.

To satisfy ABAWD work requirements, participants may qualify to fulfill their obligations by working at least 80 hours per month, participating in a qualifying job training or workforce program, or engaging in a combination of work and approved activities that total 80 hours monthly.

Who Is Subject to SNAP Work Requirements?

Not every FoodShare or SNAP participant is subject to work requirements. General work requirements typically apply to adults between the ages of 16 and 59 who are not already working or enrolled in a qualifying education or training program. However, individuals in certain situations may be exempt from these requirements.

Exemptions may be available for:

  • Individuals who are physically or mentally unable to work due to a disability or medical condition
  • Parents or caregivers responsible for a dependent child under the age of 6
  • Pregnant individuals
  • Those already participating in a drug or alcohol treatment program
  • Individuals receiving unemployment compensation or actively participating in job search activities through a state workforce agency
  • Students enrolled at least half-time in an accredited educational institution

For ABAWD rules specifically, the age range affected is generally 18 to 54, and the exemptions are somewhat narrower. Individuals who believe they may qualify for an exemption should contact their local FoodShare or SNAP office to have their situation assessed.

FoodShare Employment and Training (FSET) Program

Wisconsin's FoodShare Employment and Training (FSET) program is designed to help participants meet work requirements while gaining real, marketable skills. Eligible FoodShare recipients who are subject to work requirements may be referred to FSET services, which can include job search assistance, skills training, vocational education, work experience placements, and support services like transportation assistance and work-related supplies.

FSET is a voluntary program for some participants and mandatory for others, depending on their specific situation. Those who are required to participate in FSET and fail to do so without good cause may risk losing their FoodShare eligibility.

For individuals who want to move toward stable employment, FSET may provide a meaningful pathway — not just to maintain benefits, but to build skills and work history that can lead to greater financial independence.

Connection to WIOA Workforce Development Programs

Beyond FSET, FoodShare participants subject to work requirements may also be eligible to access services through the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), the primary federal law governing workforce development programs across the United States. WIOA-funded programs are available through American Job Centers (also called One-Stop Career Centers) located throughout most states.

Through WIOA and connected state workforce programs, eligible individuals may access:

  • Occupational skills training in high-demand industries
  • On-the-job training opportunities with participating employers
  • Adult education and literacy programs
  • Career counseling and job placement assistance
  • Supportive services including childcare and transportation assistance during training

Participating in a WIOA-approved training program may count toward satisfying SNAP work requirements, meaning individuals may be able to simultaneously fulfill their FoodShare obligations while preparing for better employment opportunities.

What Happens If You Don't Meet Work Requirements?

Failing to meet applicable work requirements — without an approved exemption or good cause — may result in the loss of FoodShare or SNAP eligibility. For ABAWDs, the consequence is typically being subject to a three-month time limit on benefits within a 36-month period.

However, losing benefits does not necessarily mean permanent disqualification. Individuals who were previously subject to the ABAWD time limit may become eligible again if they subsequently meet the work requirement, gain an exemption, or if their state receives a federal waiver that temporarily suspends the ABAWD time limit in high-unemployment areas.

Anyone who has lost FoodShare or SNAP benefits due to work requirements should contact their local benefits office to understand their reinstatement options and whether they may now qualify under changed circumstances.

State-Variation Disclaimer

Program rules, exemption criteria, time limits, and available employment support services vary significantly from state to state. While this article draws on information from Wisconsin's FoodShare program and federal SNAP guidelines, individuals in other states may encounter different thresholds, different names for similar programs, and different levels of available support. Some states have received federal waivers that temporarily suspend or modify ABAWD work requirements in areas with high unemployment. Always contact your local SNAP or Department of Social Services office, or visit your state's official benefits website, for information that is accurate and specific to your situation.

How to Get Help Navigating Work Requirements

For FoodShare and SNAP participants who are uncertain about whether work requirements apply to them, or who want to explore available training and employment support, there are several avenues to seek assistance.

Local American Job Centers offer free employment services to adults and may help individuals understand how workforce programs can interact with their benefits. State Department of Health Services or Human Services offices can clarify which requirements apply based on individual household composition and circumstances. Nonprofit legal aid organizations may also be able to assist individuals who believe they have been incorrectly found to be non-exempt from work requirements.

Being proactive — understanding the requirements, communicating with the relevant agencies, and exploring available training opportunities — may significantly improve outcomes for FoodShare and SNAP participants navigating these rules.